Autism FAQ: What is it, signs, diagnosis and treatment

What is autism?

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), often referred to as autism, is a neurobiological condition that can affect the gastrointestinal, immune, hepatic, endocrine and nervous systems. Since the disorder affects brain development, many living with autism have communication and social interaction problems, and exhibit repetitive behaviours.

What are the characteristics?

According to Autism Canada Foundation, children with autism often have intellectual strengths and skills that overshadow the developmental problems.

Some of the strengths include:

  • Non-verbal reasoning
  • Excellent memory
  • Computer interest
  • Drawing
  • Music skills

Some of the developmental issues include:

  • Social relationships
  • Communication
  • Routine dependence
  • Behaviour problems
  • Nutritional deficiencies

What are the signs?

Health Canada says some of the signs emerge in a child between 12-24 months of age. However, the agency says autism develops differently in each person.

Some of the signs include:

  • Avoiding eye contact
  • Appearing hearing impaired
  • No interest in interacting with other people
  • No interest in playing with toys
  • Resisting changes in routines

Click here for a list of other signs.

How is it diagnosed?

Various standardized tests and screening tools are used to diagnose autism. In Canada, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is the standard screening tool.

How common is autism?

“Autism is the most common neurological disorder affecting children and one of the most common developmental disabilities affecting Canadians,” Autism Ontario says on its website, adding that it is the third-most common developmental disorder.

Historically, Health Canada says boys are almost five times more likely to be diagnosed with ASD than girls.

How can autism be treated?

Some of the treatments for autism include biomedical and behavioural interventions as well as treatments focused on dealing with communication and sensory issues, Autism Canada says on its website.

Autism Ontario says some of the symptoms may lessen as a child ages while other symptoms may disappear. However, the group notes that most people with autism will always have some degree of ASD in their life.

Read Autism Canada’s physician handbook below, or click here for a mobile-friendly version.

Autism PhysiciaAutism Canada: physician handbookn Handbook

Information compiled by Autism Ontario, Autism Canada, and Health Canada.

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